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OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of posaconazole combined with proton pump inhibitors （PPI） on the blood concentration and the risk of invasive fungal disease （IFD） in patients with malignant hematological disorder. METHODS In accordance with the random number table method， 40 patients with malignant hematological disorders who were admitted to the hematology department of our hospital between December 2020 and December 2021 were chosen and divided into control group （20 cases） and observation group （20 cases）. The control group received Posaconazole oral suspension alone， while the observation group received Posaconazole oral suspension combined with PPI. The incidence of IFD， attainment rate of blood concentration， the time from the start of prophylaxis to IFD onset， the fatality associated with IFD， treatment of infected patients， and blood concentrations of posaconazole on 7th， 14th， 21st， and 28th day after posaconazole application were compared between 2 groups； the occurrence of adverse events during drug administration in the two groups was recorded. RESULTS The study was stopped because 2 patients in the observation group and 9 patients in the control group received hospital departures after taking posaconazole for fewer than 7 days. The incidence of IFD in the observation group was significantly higher than control group， and the attainment rate of blood concentration in the observation group was significantly lower than control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the time from the start of prophylaxis to IFD onset， the fatality associated with IFD， treatment of infected patients and the incidence of adverse events （P＞ 0.05）. The blood concentration of posaconazole in the observation group was significantly lower than control group on 7th day of medication （P＜0.05）； there was no significant in blood concentration of posaconazole between 2 groups on the 14th day of medication （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Posaconazole combined with PPI can reduce the blood concentration of patients with malignant hematological disorders， increase the risk of IFD. Clinical practice should try to avoid the combination of the two or use them under the guidance of therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is a visual image-guided radiotherapy technique that has many advantages such as increasing the dose of tumor target area and reducing the dose of normal organ exposure. Cone beam CT (CBCT) is one of the most commonly used medical images in IGRT, and the rapid and accurate targeting of CBCT and the segmentation of dangerous organs are of great significance for radiotherapy. The current research method mainly includes partitioning method based on registration and segmentation method based on deep learning. This study reviews the CBCT image segmentation method, existing problems and development directions.
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Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of three quantitative evaluation methods based on three-dimensional rapid fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequence (3D-FLAIR) vein-enhanced labyrinth images in endolymphatic hydrops.Methods:From October 2017 to April 2019, a retrospective study was conducted on 86 patients with unilateral otogenic vertigo who were admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. MRI was performed 8 h after the single-dose Gd-DTPA intravenously injection in all patients. Three evaluation methods were used to calculate the ratio of the endolymphatic area to the total lymphatic area, the ratio of the saccule to utricle area, and the ratio of the endolymphatic volume to the total lymphatic volume, respectively. The paired t test was used to compare the three ratios between the affected and healthy ears. With clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze the efficacy of three methods in diagnosing endolymphatic hydrops. Results:Totally 65 cases were finally diagnosed endolymphatic hydrops clinically. There were statistically significant differences of all the 3 ratios between the affected and healthy ears ( t=9.93, 7.22, 8.20, all P<0.001). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of endolymph/total lymph area ratio, saccule/utricle area ratio, endolymph/total lymph volume ratio for diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops were 0.882, 0.768, 0.884 (all P<0.001). And there were no significant differences between each paired AUCs (all P>0.05). Conclusions:All three methods of endolymph/total lymph area ratio, saccule/utricle area ratio, endolymph/total lymph volume ratio can quantitatively evaluate endolymphatic hydrops. The endolymphatic/total lymphatic area ratio method is still the most convenient method at present.
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Chronic renal failure （CRF） is generally characterized by micro-inflammatory state， which can aggravate the CRF process in severe cases， leading to the deterioration of renal function， malnutrition， anemia and other complications. Therefore， it is of great significance to improve the micro-inflammatory state of CRF. "Deficiency of Qi and stagnation" is the basic pathogenesis of the micro-inflammatory state of CRF， which runs through the whole process of the disease and affects the formation and outcome of CRF in different forms. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in improving the micro-inflammatory state and enhancing the immunity of the body due to its advantages of syndrome differentiation and treatment， strengthening the righteousness and eliminating pathogenic factors. Therefore， the author systematically sorted out the relationship between micro-inflammatory state and CRF， understanding of micro-inflammatory state of CRF and its prevention and treatment of TCM by referring to relevant literature， based on the theory of "deficiency of Qi and stagnation"， and proposed that spleen and kidney failure （deficiency of Qi） is the origin of micro-inflammatory state of CRF， and blood stasis and poisonous evil （stagnation） is the target of its onset. Deficiency of Qi and stagnation adhered to each other， acted as cause and effect， and developed in a spiral manner throughout the development of the disease. TCM has the effects of nourishing the spleen and kidney， removing blood stasis and turbidity. By down-regulating C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and other micro-inflammatory indicators， it can eliminate the pathological wastes derived from spleen and kidney deficiency， reduce the micro-inflammatory state， restore the balance of Yin and Yang in the body to achieve the purpose of eliminating pathogens and protecting renal function， providing guidance for the clinical treatment of CRF.
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ObjectiveTo observe the difference in the efficacy of three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） injections on rat model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction （TAC）， explore the TCM syndrome of the model based on the theory of correspondence of prescription and syndrome， and reveal the biological basis of prescription-syndrome from the perspective of metabolism. MethodRats were treated with TAC for modeling and were divided into Shenmai injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， model group， Danhong injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1）， Shenfu injection group （6.0 mL·kg-1） and trimetazidine group （10 mg·kg-1）， and sham operation group was set up as control. After drug intervention for 15 days， echocardiography， serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and myocardial histopathological staining were performed for each group， so as to compare the efficacy to select the effective injection. Colorimetry was used to detect the serum glucolipid metabolism after the intervention of the effective injection， and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the metabolites and related metabolic pathways in myocardial tissue. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （FS） in the model group decreased （P<0.01）， while the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， LVIDd， LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Danhong injection group， NT-proBNP level in Shenfu injection group decreased （P<0.05）， LVIDd and NT-proBNP level increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in Shenmai injection group， in trimetazidine group， LVEF and FS increased （P<0.01）， while LVIDs and NT-proBNP level decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum glucose， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Danhong injection group and trimetazidine group were adjusted by callbacks （P<0.01， P<0.05）. There were the callback of 9 myocardial metabolites in Danhong injection group， including glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism， glycerol phospholipid metabolism. There were the callback of 10 myocardial metabolites in trimetazidine group， including glycerol phospholipid metabolism. ConclusionThe efficacy of Danhong injection on heart failure model induced by TAC is significant and superior to Shenfu injection and Shenmai injection， suggesting that the model is closely related to heart-blood stasis. The biological mechanism of Danhong injection interfering with the model involves regulating the metabolic disorder of lipid， glucose， amino acid and butyric acid.
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Chronic heart failure is a serious heart disease with dyspnea and limited activity tolerance as the main clinical manifestations. Activation of the inflammatory system can significantly stimulate cardiac fibrosis and remodeling and promote the progression of heart failure， playing a key role in the development of the disease. Studies have confirmed that inflammation is involved in the development of different types of heart failure. "Toxic pathogen theory" is an important basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to explain the occurrence of diseases. We concluded the similarities between TCM toxic pathogens and inflammation in concept， disease location， etiology， syndrome differentiation， and clinical characteristics. Chronic heart failure is manifested by the toxic pathogens of turbid phlegm， stagnated blood， and accumulated fluid. Heart vessel obstruction is the main pathological factor， and the inflammatory factors produced by necrotic cardiomyocytes are the microscopic manifestations of the obstruction. Therefore， based on the "toxic pathogen theory"， this study aimed to clarify the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Moreover， this paper proposed that the stagnated blood has not been transformed into toxin in the early stage of the disease and thus the products of clearing heat and detoxification should not be used. At the development stage of the disease when the transformation tends to begin， treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation， and detoxifying Chinese medicine should be used in order to achieve the goal of "removing toxin without harming the healthy Qi". At the late stage of heart failure， toxins have been accumulated and detoxifying medicines and therapies should be applied to eliminate the toxic pathogens. This study is expected to lay a foundation for the modern research on the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure with TCM theory and guide the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Chronic heart failure is a serious heart disease with dyspnea and limited activity tolerance as the main clinical manifestations. Activation of the inflammatory system can significantly stimulate cardiac fibrosis and remodeling and promote the progression of heart failure， playing a key role in the development of the disease. Studies have confirmed that inflammation is involved in the development of different types of heart failure. "Toxic pathogen theory" is an important basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to explain the occurrence of diseases. We concluded the similarities between TCM toxic pathogens and inflammation in concept， disease location， etiology， syndrome differentiation， and clinical characteristics. Chronic heart failure is manifested by the toxic pathogens of turbid phlegm， stagnated blood， and accumulated fluid. Heart vessel obstruction is the main pathological factor， and the inflammatory factors produced by necrotic cardiomyocytes are the microscopic manifestations of the obstruction. Therefore， based on the "toxic pathogen theory"， this study aimed to clarify the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Moreover， this paper proposed that the stagnated blood has not been transformed into toxin in the early stage of the disease and thus the products of clearing heat and detoxification should not be used. At the development stage of the disease when the transformation tends to begin， treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation， and detoxifying Chinese medicine should be used in order to achieve the goal of "removing toxin without harming the healthy Qi". At the late stage of heart failure， toxins have been accumulated and detoxifying medicines and therapies should be applied to eliminate the toxic pathogens. This study is expected to lay a foundation for the modern research on the role of inflammation in the development of chronic heart failure with TCM theory and guide the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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ObjectiveWe examined the principal respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Taizhou， Zhejiang Province during 2020‒2021 to provide evidence for prevention， diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory tract infection. MethodsFrom September 2020 to August 2021， a total of 2 831 cases with acute respiratory tract infection were collected from two influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals in Taizhou， which had then received the examination of 22 respiratory pathogens by multiple fluorescence quantitative PCR. ResultsThe total positive rate of respiratory pathogens in 2 831 samples was 14.13%， among which enterovirus （7.77%） and respiratory syncytial virus （1.59%） were the principal pathogens. Except enterovirus， there was no significant difference in the positive rate of pathogens detected by gender（P>0.05）. Moreover， there was significant difference in pathogens by age （P<0.05）， with the highest positive rate in 0‒4 years（35.21%）. There was also significant difference in pathogens by seasons （P<0.05）， with the highest positive rate in summer（20.54%）. ConclusionThe positive rate of acute respiratory tract infection decreases significantly， compared with that before the COVID-19 epidemic. The differences in the positive rate differ significantly by age and seasons. Comprehensive consideration of diverse factors before diagnosis and the utilization of multiple fluorescent quantitative PCR can quickly and effectively determine the pathogens in the early stage of infection. Our findings may provide certain support for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory infections in the context of COVID-19 in Taizhou.
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BACKGROUND@#Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, and the mechanism of SLE is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the role of two-pore segment channel 2 (TPCN2) in SLE pathogenesis.@*METHODS@#Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TPCN2 in SLE. We performed a loss-of-function assay by lentiviral construct in Jurkat and THP-1 cell. Knockdown of TPCN2 were confirmed at the RNA level by qRT-PCR and protein level by Western blotting. Cell Count Kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of TPCN2-deficient cells. In addition, gene expression profile of TPCN2-deficient cells was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).@*RESULTS@#TPCN2 knockdown with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated lentiviruses inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of G2/M phase in both Jurkat and THP-1 cells. We analyzed the transcriptome of knockdown-TPCN2-Jurkat cells, and screened the differential genes, which were enriched for the G2/M checkpoint, complement, and interleukin-6-Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways, as well as changes in levels of forkhead box O, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin, and T cell receptor pathways; moreover, TPCN2 significantly influenced cellular processes and biological regulation.@*CONCLUSION@#TPCN2 might be a potential protective factor against SLE.
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Humans , Apoptosis/genetics , Cell Division , Jurkat Cells , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/geneticsABSTRACT
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), formerly known as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, are a group of hereditary heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease that contains many subtypes. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (SCA23), one type of SCAs, is caused by mutant prodynorphin (PDYN) gene. A 22-year-old patient was diagnosed with sporadic SCA23 due to gene detection, with a novel identified mutation, PDYN c.647C>T (p.P216L). Located in the dynorphin A-coding-region of PDYN gene, the pathogenic mechanism of the mutation may be relevant to the pathological changes caused by the variant including neurological dysfunction and death of cells. Mild improvement with the patient has been witnessed after active balance and speaking exercise.
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Objective:To explore the clinical application value of each sequence by analyzing the characteristics of labyrinthine signal on MRI in patients with unilateral sudden deafness.Methods:Totally 52 patients of unilateral sudden deafness with inner ear MRI were analyzed retrospectively at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to July 2019, all of which could find abnormalities in the labyrinth, including 17 cases of plain scan and 35 cases of enhanced scan, with sequences including plain T 1WI, enhanced T 1WI, plain and enhanced delayed 3D fluid attenuation inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR). The affected labyrinthine signal characteristics of each sequence were analyzed and the involvement sites were judged. The ability of each sequence to show labyrinthine abnormal signal was evaluated and scored. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test were used to compare the subjective scores of the ability to show labyrinthine high signal in different sequences in plain and enhanced patients, respectively. Fisher′s exact probability method was used to analyze the relationship between the affected sites and the recovery of hearing, tinnitus and vertigo symptoms. Results:Fifty-two patients (100%, 52/52) showed labyrinthine high signal on T 1WI, 8 (15.4%, 8/52) showed higher signal and 3 (5.8%, 3/52) showed low signal on T 2WI. Thirty-five (100%, 35/35) showed high signal on enhanced T 1WI, among which 27 had enhancement (77.1%, 27/35). Fifty-two (100%, 52/52) showed significant high signal of the affected labyrinth on 3D-FLAIR (17 plain scan, 35 enhanced scan). The scores were 2 (2, 2), 3 (2, 3), 3 (3, 4) and 4 (4, 4) of T 1WI, enhanced T 1WI, plain and enhanced 3D-FLAIR respectively. The overall difference in subjective scores of plain T 1WI, enhanced T 1WI and enhanced 3D-FLAIR in enhanced patients was statistically significant (χ2=64.528, P<0.001), and the comparison between the two was statistically different (all corrected P<0.05). The plain 3D-FLAIR score was higher than the plain T 1WI in patients with a statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.729, P<0.001). Twenty-seven cases (51.9%, 27/52) exhibited high signal at the ampulla of semicircular canals, with a statistically significant difference in the distribution of hearing recovery or not ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Both T 1WI and 3D-FLAIR sequences can effectively identify the labyrinthine high signal, but the latter was better than the former of its ability to display, especially delayed enhanced 3D-FLAIR. The high signal at the ampulla of semicircular canals was a characteristic predictor of non-recovery of hearing.
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Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a highly intractable malignancy, and most patients with this disease were diagnosed as a locally advanced stage at their initial presentation. Surgical resection remains as the only curative treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic surgeons focus on how to perform radical resection safely and effectively. For locally advanced hilar cholangio-carcinoma, aggressive surgical approach substantially increases the resectability of tumors which were initially regarded as unresectable. Hemihepatectomy or trisectionectomy combined with caudate lobectomy is the standard operation for radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, vascular resection and lymphadenectomy can be performed selectively. The safety and success of surgical approach is guaranteed by meticulous preoperative management such as preoperative biliary drainage and portal vein embolization, which prevent fatal postoperative complications. Multidisciplinary approach is required for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The combina-tion of aggressive surgical approach and adjuvant therapy remain a promising approach for further improving the resectability of tumors and the survival of patients.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of decorin (DCN) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.Methods:Bladder cancer T24 cell line was used as the research object. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of DCN at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L) on T24 cell proliferation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The effects of DCN on T24 cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. MTT assay, Transwell migration and invasion experiments were used to detect the effects of DCN on the adhesion, migration and invasion ability of T24 cells. The effects of DCN on TGF-β1 and P21 protein expression were detected by ELISA and Western blotting.Results:T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and there were statistically significant diffe-rences in cell proliferation activity ( F=168.64, P<0.001; F=165.81, P<0.001; F=291.02, P<0.001; F=148.93, P<0.001). T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, and the cell proliferation activities were (60.71±3.03)%, (40.82±2.09)%, (37.24±1.63)%, (25.65±2.55)%, (23.00±2.67)%, (10.78±1.17)%, (11.04±0.96)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference. At the concentration of 40 mg/L, the proliferation activity reached the lowest level, and the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was the strongest. At concentrations of 40 and 50 mg/L, the cells in G 1 phase reached the peak value, while the cells in S phase reached the lowest value, and the cells in G 2 phase remained unchanged throughout the treatment process. T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, and the apoptosis rates of cells were (12.18±1.17)%, (21.24±1.05)%, (19.80±1.20)%, (26.52±1.40)%, (30.86±1.40)%, (52.99±1.22)%, (43.04±2.16)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=178.54, P<0.001). The differences between 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L DCN and 0 mg/L DCN were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). When T24 cells were treated with 0, 40 mg/L DCN for 72 h, the cell adhesion rates were (37.14±1.35)% and (59.86±1.95)%, the numbers of migrated cells were 53.86±3.18 and 12.86±1.35, and there were statistically significant differences ( t=25.25, P<0.001; t=31.36, P<0.001). When DCN was applied to T24 cells for 48 h, the numbers of invasion at 0, 40 mg/L were 235.14±3.44 and 160.86±3.13, and there was a statistically significant difference ( t=2.27, P<0.001). When T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, the relative expression levels of TGF-β1 were 85.67±3.35, 45.51±1.19, 49.93±4.15, 47.64±3.53, 46.05±3.18, 25.54±2.25, 33.44±4.05, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=324.58, P<0.001). Compared with 0 mg/L DCN, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN could significantly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 (all P<0.001). Compared with 0 mg/L DCN, P21 protein was upregulated 72 h after treatment with 40 mg/L DCN. Conclusion:DCN can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of T24 cells in vitro, and has the effect of anti-metastasis of T24 cells.
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Abstract@#Physical activity promotes the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, and a growing body of research has demonstrated the positive effects of physical exercise, including better academic performance. This review presents a retrospective analysis of the existing literature in order to explore the relationship between physical activity patterns and academic performance in children and adolescents. This study analyzes the impact of differences in the duration, frequency, intensity, and type of physical activity on the academic performance of children and adolescents, which provides a basis for improving the quality and effect of such physical activities. High-quality evidence supports the view that long-term, high-frequency, aerobic physical activities of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have a positive impact on children and adolescents’ academic performance. This study provides a reference to help families, schools, and society to scientifically and rationally promote physical activity among children and adolescents.
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Objective:To investigate the imaging findings of incomplete partition type Ⅲ (IP-Ⅲ) cochlea malformation using high-resolution CT (HRCT) and MRI, and to measure the key anatomical structures, providing the accurate qualitative and quantitative data for cochlear implantation (CI).Methods:Totally 14 patients (28 ears) with IP-Ⅲ cochlea malformation who underwent cochlear implantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2012 to March 2019 were retrospectively collected. All the patients were male, aged 7 months to 27 years old, with the median age as 3 years old. All the 14 patients underwent preoperative HRCT and 9 of them underwent preoperative MRI. The development of inner ear structure, including cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, vestibular aqueduct and internal auditory canal (IAC) was reviewed and analyzed. The travel route and position of labyrinthine, tympanic and mastoid segment of facial nerve canal were evaluated; the width of labyrinthine segment of facial nerve canal and superior vestibular nerve canal, as well as the angle between first and second parts of the facial nerve canal were measured on HRCT. The shape of stapes and the development of cochlear nerve were analyzed on MRI.Results:All the 14 cases (28 ears) showed nearly normal shape of the cochlea, with the bony interscalar septa presenting while the modiolus completely absent. The lateral portion of the IAC was dilated, and the septum was absent between the base of the cochlea and the IAC, appearing as a"gourd-like"shape. A small saclike protrusion was formed in the vestibule and protruded into the upper semicircular canal in 10 cases (20 ears) (71.4%, 20/28). The beginning of the vestibular aqueduct enlarged in 12 cases (24 ears) (85.7%, 24/28). All the 14 cases (28 ears) showed that labyrinthine segment of facial nerve canal was located almost above the cochlea and showing stiffly. The labyrinthine segment of facial nerve canal widened in 7 cases (14 ears) (50.0%, 14/28) and the superior vestibular canal widened in 13 cases (26 ears) (92.9%, 26/28). The width of labyrinthine segment of facial nerve canal and the superior vestibular canal were (1.14±0.37) mm and (1.66±0.35) mm, respectively. The angle between the first and second parts of the facial nerve canal was 96.83°±15.63°. Eleven cases (22 ears) (78.6%, 22/28) showed thickened footplate of stapes and poor oval window, but the round window was clear. Nine cases (18 ears) showed normal development of the cochlear nerve on MRI.Conclusion:IP-Ⅲ cochlea malformation has the characteristic imaging features. Preoperation accurate assessment of the shape and location of important anatomical structures such as cochlea, internal auditory canal and facial nerve can provide valuable information for CI.
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Objective To study the dose-time-toxicity relationship of hepatotoxicity in mice with multiple administration of Paracetamol Tablets (PT),Compound Paracetamol and Amantadine Hydrochloride Tablets (CPAH),Compound Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Tablets (CDH),and Chaiqin Qingning capsules (CQC).Methods Mice were randomly divided into control,PT,CPAH,CDH,and CQC high,medium,and low dose groups.The acetaminophen contents of high,medium,and low doses were 266.24,425.98,and 681.57 mg/kg in PT,CPAH,and CDH groups,and the doses of CQC group were 1437.70,2300.31,and 3 680.50 mg/kg,ig administration,once daily for 5 d.General state and toxicity of mice were observed.The changes of ALT,AST,AKP,TBIL,and ALB levels in serum and organ indexes of liver,spleen,thymus,and kidney were tested on day 1,3,7,11,and 14 after multiple administration.Results CQC with the dosage range of 1 437.70-3 680.50 mg/kg to mice within 14 d,has not yet induced the increase of AST,ALT,AKP,TBIL,and ALB levels and changes of organ indexes of liver,thymus spleen,and kidney compared with normal control (P ＞ 0.05).PT,CPAH,and CDH with repeated dose of 425.98-681.57 mg/kg could induce significant increase of the levels ofALT,AST,AKP,and TBIL which reached the peak on day 1 (P ＜ 0.05),and then gradually decreased on day 3-14.The level of ALB significant decreased on day 1-11 (P ＜ 0.05),and then gradually recovered on day 11-14.The liver index significant increased on day 1-3 (P ＜ 0.05),and recovered on day 7-14.Conclusion Multiple administration of CQC could not induce liver injury in mice within 14 d,while multiple administration ofPT,CPAH,and CDH could induce hepatotocixity in mice with a certain dose,and show an obvious dose-time-toxicity relationship.
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Objective To study the time-toxicity and dose-toxicity relationship of hepatotoxicity induced by Paracetamol Tablets (PT),Compound Paracetamol and Amantadine Hydrochloride Tablets (CPAH),Compound Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Tablets (CDH),and Chaiqin Qingning Capsules (CQC) with single dose in mice.Methods In the Time-Toxicity relationship study,Kunming mice were randomly divided into control,PT,CPAH,CDH,and CQC group,and mice of.each drug administration group were randomly divided into nine subgroups according to the time (1,2,4,8,12,24,48,72 and 96 h after administration) of blood collection.The acetaminophen contents in PT,CPAH,and CDH groups were 425.98 mg/kg,and the dose of CQC group was 3 680.50 mg/kg.In the Dosage-Time relationship study,mice were randomly divided into control,PT,CPAH,CDH,and CQC high,medium and low dose group.The acetaminophen contents of high,medium,and low dose were 266.24,425.98,and 681.57 mg/kg in PT,CPAH,and CDH group,and the dose of CQC group was 1437.70,2300.31,and 3680.50 mg/kg,10 mice in each group,sex in half.Blood was collected 12 h after administration.Animal behavior was observed every day,blood and organs were collected at the corresponding time points,serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level were detected,and the organs index of spleen and thymus,liver were calculated.Results There were no significant changes of ALT,AST,ALP,and organs index after once ig administration of CQC at dosage of 1437.70 mg/kg to 3680.50 mg/kg in mice.The study on time-toxicity relationship indicated that,after once administration of PT,CPAH,and CDH at 425.98 mg/kg,mice showed toxic symptom such as hypokinesia,dry hair and so on,12 h was the most obvious,24 ～ 72 h disappeared.The level of ALT,AST,and ALP in serum increased and reached to the peak at 12 h and then restored near normality after 72,24,and 24 h in PT,CPAH,and CDH group.Their organ index of liver,spleen and thymus all had no significant changes.The study on the dosage-toxicity relationship indicated that,there were no significant changes of animal behavior,ALT,AST,ALP,and organs index after once ig administration of PT,CPAH,and CDH at 266.24 mg/kg.Obvious liver injury can be induced by the three drugs with dosage of 425.98 to 681.57 mg/kg and the level of ALT,AST,and ALP increased significantly with the increase of dosage.Their liver index increased significantly with dosage of 681.57 mg/kg,but the organs index of spleen,thymus had no significant changes.Conclusion There was no hepatotoxicity after once ig administration of CQC with dosage of 3680.50 mg/kg in mice.Mice were once ig administration ofPT,CPAH,and CDH with a large dose,may induce acute liver injury and show obvious time-toxicity and dose-toxicity relationships.
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Objective To investigate the survival and recurrence data after treatment in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix(NECUC)with stageⅠb-Ⅱa, and to analyse its prognostic factors. Methods Thirty-two cases of primary NECUC in early-stage disease treated from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2013 at Cancer Hospital,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were reviewed, and their data of clinicopathologic characteristics were collected and analysed. The median age was 37 years (range, 23-57 years). The distribution by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical stage:19 cases stageⅠb1, 10 cases stageⅠb2, 1 case stageⅡa1, 2 cases stageⅡa2. Pathologic types: 22 cases of small cell carcinoma, 1 case of atypical carcinoid, 9 cases of mixed carcinoma. The diameter of cervical tumor:12 cases≥4 cm, 20 cases0.05). Conclusion The prognosis of NECUC in early-stage is poor and the lesion size of the cervix and FIGO stage are prognostic factors.
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BACKGROUND:Although several prosthetic methods, such as artificial denture and dental implants, are clinical therapies to tooth loss, they are thought to have safety and usage time issues. With the development of biological and biomaterial sciences, recently, tooth tissue engineering has attracted more and more attention. OBJECTIVE:To reflect advances and problems of tissue engineering technologies for promotion of tooth regeneration. METHODS:Using the keywords of“tissue engineering, tooth regeneration”in English and Chinese, PubMed and CNKI databases from 2007 to 2013 were retrieved. A total of 65 literatures addressing tooth regeneration and tissue engineering were col ected, including 25 Chinese articles and 40 English articles. Published early, repetitive, and similar researches were excluded. Final y, 48 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combination of stem cells and suitable scaffolds is widely used in tooth regeneration today, and growth factors or bone marrow which can produce promote tooth regeneration are added as wel , which has achieved partial or whole tooth regeneration. But there are apparent deficiencies in studies which focus on mechanisms behind tooth regeneration.
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The effects of rapamycin on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in in vitro cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and cell cycle were investigated in order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of new inhibitory drugs for clinical prevention and treatment of after-cataract. The cultured LECs of second and third passages were collected and treated with rapamycin. The LECs were transferred into 96-well culture plates and divided into 6 groups, and each group was set to have 8 duplicate wells. In the negative control group, the LECs were given culture medium only, and in the blank control group, only culture medium was given. In the four rapamycin-treated groups, different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 ng/mL) of rapamycin were given. After treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, the absorbance (A) values in each well were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycles of all groups were detected by using flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax respectively. MTT assay showed that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that rapamycin could block the conversion of LECs from G1 phase to S phase, resulting in the increase of cells in G(1) phase and the decrease of the cells in S phase. RFQ-PCR indicated that rapamycin could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, but up-regulate the expression of Bax mRNA, suggesting it could induce apoptosis of LECs. Western blot demonstrated that rapamycin could suppress the expression of Bcl-2 protein, but promote the expression of Bax protein. It is concluded that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs probably not only by blocking the progression of cell cycle, but also by promoting the induction of apoptosis.